The Gulf of Maine Expedition 2002

Flowering Plants of the Gulf of Maine

We are keeping a record of wildflowers, shrubs, and vines in bloom, seed, or fruit as we travel along the coast. Observations are made at each location where we stop, have lunch, or camp. The first observation of the plant is recorded by date and place. Notes on habitat and frequency of occurrence are also made.

We decided to record wildflowers, shrubs, and vines as they are abundant and quite varied in the coastal edge environment between the shore and the upland forest edge. Woodland species found within a short distance of the edge have been recorded and noted as such.

Keeping records of only plants in bloom, seed, or fruit has been done for sake of positive identification and to leave a record of when these plants were found in that state in the year 2002. In general, plants tend to be either rarely found (e.g., Sea Milkwort, Glaux maritima), regular inhabitants of a particular habitat niche (e,g,, Beach Pea, Lathyrus japonicus), non-native, or invasive at the expense of other species (e.g., Morrow's Honeysuckle, Lonicera morrowi).

Observations are limited by our pattern of moving along the coast, our limited time at a given location, and the chance of finding the plant in a blooming, seed-bearing, or fruiting state. The list is useful as a demonstration of the type of observations a student of botany might like to maintain. For a person established at one location, such lists for the same place over a period of years could be very informative in showing vegetative and climatic variation and change.

FLOWERING PLANTS OF THE GULF OF MAINE
Common name Latin name habitat MA NH ME NB NS notes
Mountain Ash Pyrus  americana woodland 6/14 found on clilff edges of many islands
Beach Pea Lathyrus japonicus beach edge 5/25 found at almost all stops
Beach Plum Prunus maritima back dunes 5/15
Bearberry Arctostaphylosuva-ursi upland edge 5/6
American Mountain Ash Pyrus  americana woodland 6/14 found on clilff edges of many islands
Beggar Ticks Bidens frondosa high beach 8/26
Birdfoot Trefoil Lotus corniculata meadow 8/18
Bittersweet Nightshade Solanum dulcamara steep bank 7/3
Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia serotina field 8/15
Bluebell Capanula rotundiflora high beach terrace 7/10
Bluets Houstonia caerulea island meadow 7/10 common
Blunt-leaved Sandwort Arenaria lateriflora beach edge 5/31
Bunchberry Cornus canadensis woodland edge 7/22
Bush Honeysuckle Diervilla lonicera woodland 7/27
Butter-and-eggs Linaria vulgaris roadside 7/29
Canada Mayflower Maiantheum canadensis woodland 6/16
Canada Thistle Cirsium arvense roadside 7/29
Caraway Carum carvi field 6/14 common
Chokeberry (Red or Purple) Pyrus sp. field 6/14
Chokecherry Prunus virginiana upland edge 5/29
Cleavers Galium aparine high beach terrace 7/13 rocky beach
Coltsfoot Tussilago farfara beach banks 8/20 flowers in Spring
Common Blue-eyed Grass Sisyrinchium montanum woodland edge 6/19
Common Blue-eyed Grass Sisyrinchium montanum woodland edge 6/19
Common Blue Violet Viola papilionacea woodland 6/13
Common Burdock Arcticum minas wooded area 8/22
Common Dandelion Taraxacum officinale field 5/16 common
Common Evening Primrose Oenothera biennis roadside 7/17
Common Mullein Verbascum thapsus high beach terrace 7/10 rocky  beach
Common Plantain Plantago major field 5/16 common
Common St. Johnswort Hypericum preforatum field 7/21
Corn Speedwell Veronica arvensis cliff edge 6/16
Cow Parsnip Heracleum maximum upland edge 6/13 frequently found
Creeping Wood Sorrel Oxalis cornuta beach edge 5/27
Curled Dock Rumex crispus beach bank 8/18
Dock Rumex spp. roadside 8/12
Dusty Miller Artemisia stelleriana dry beach top 8/8 aka Beach Wormwood
Dwarf Glasswort Salcornia bigelovii 7/16 maybe flowering
Early Low Blueberry Vaccinium angustifolia meadow 7/10 in fruit; some ripe
English Plantain Plantago lanceolata marsh edge 5/24
Eyebright Euphrasia americana high beach terrace 7/10 rocky beach
Fall Dandelion Leontodon autumnalis meadow 7/13
Field Hawkweed Hieracium pratense field 6/14
Fireweed Eplilobilum angustifolium island meadow 7/13
Flat-topped Aster Aster umbellatus woodland opening 8/22
Goldenrod Solidago spp. roadside 8/12 8/18
Gray Goldenrod Solidago nemoralis meadow 8/24
Hairy Solomon's Seal Polygonatum pubescens woodland 6/3
Hedge Bindweed Convolllvulus sepium high beach terrace 7/13 rocky  beach
Hedge Mustard Sisymbrium officinale field 5/27
Hemp Nettle Galeopsis tetrahit rocky shelf 7/25
Indian Mustard Brassica juncea high beach terrace 7/13 rocky beach
Iris Iris spp. woodland edge 6/20 smaller than I. Versicolor
Japanese Barberry Berberis thunbergii woodland 6/3 related to human settlement
Labrador Tea Ledum groenlandicum cliff edge 7/26
Lance-leaved Goldenrod Solidago graminifolia meadow 8/25
Larger Blue Flag Iris versicolor high beach terrace 6/30
Leafy Spurg Euphorbia esula back dunes 5/25
Lesser Stichwort Stellaria graminea field 7/17
Low Hop Clover Trifolium procumbens roadside 8/12
Marsh Scullcap Scutellaria epilobiifolia pond shelf edge 7/26
Meadowsweet Spiraea latifolia high beach terrace 7/9
Morrow's Honeysuckle Lonicera morrowi beach edge 5/27 non-native; invasive
Mountain Cranberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea cliff edge 7/15 in fruit
Mouse Ear Hieracium pilosella field 6/14 Narrow-leaved Vetch
Multiflora rose Rosa multiflora cliff edge 6/16 mixed with Rosa rugosa
Narrow-leaved Vetch Vicia angustifolia field 7/16
One-flowred Pyrola Moneses uniflora woodland 6/27 infrequent
Orach Atriplex patula 7/16
Orange Hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum field 6/26 aka Devil's Paintbrush
Oxeye Daisy Chrysanthemum leucanthemlum field 6/14
Pasture Rose Rosa carolina field 7/22
Pearly Everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea cliff base 8/4
Pink corydalis Corydalis sempervirens roadside 7/21
Pink Lady Slipper Cypripedium acaule woodland 6/11
Poison Ivy Rhus radicans beach edge 5/31 common
Red clover Trifolium pratense roadside 7/17
Red-stemmed Plantain Plantain rugelii beach terrace 6/30 near high tide line; rocky shore
Rugosa Rose Rosa rugosa beach edge 5/27 common
Sea Lungwort Mertensia maritima high beach terrace 7/12 aka Oysterleaf; rocky shores
Sea Milkwort Glaux maritima rocky edge 6/4 infrequent
Sea Rocket Cakile edentula beach edge 7/9 common
Seaside Angelica Coelopleurum lucidum beach edge 6/1 frequently found
Seaside Goldenrod Solidago sempervirens field 8/13
Seaside Plantain Plantago juncoides beach edge 5/31
Selfheal Prunella vulgaria meadow 7/14
Sheep sorrel Rumex acetosella field 6/14 common
Shepard's Purse Capsella bursa-pastoris field 6/16
Shinleaf Pyrola elliptica woodland 7/21
Silverweed Potentilla anserina marsh edge 5/31
Slender Glasswort Salcornia europaea high beach 7/29 maybe flowering
Small Cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos woodland edge 7/26
Small White Aster Aster vimineus woodland opening 8/22
Smooth Rose Rosa blanda field 7/25
Spotted Touch-me-not Impatiens capensis cliff base 8/4
Starflower Trientalis borealis woodland 6/3
Storksbill Erodium cicutarium cliff edge 6/16
Tall Buttercup Ranunculus acris field 6/26 common
Tall Goldenrod Solidago altissima field 8/15
Tall Meadow Rue Thalictrum polygamum field 7/29
Tall Rattlesnake Root Prenanthes trifoliata field 7/26
Tyrol Knapweed Centaurea vochinensis field 8/15
Wild Carrot Daucus carota field 8/15 aka Queen Anne's Lace
Wild Columbine Aquilegia canadensis field 6/2
Wild Indigo Baptisia tintoria roadside 8/22
Wild Madder Galium mollugo field 7/17
Wild Radish Raphanus raphanistrum high beach 8/28
Wild Red Raspberry Rubus idaeus field 6/14 common
White Clover Trifolium repens field 5/23 common
Wood Strawberry Fragonia vesca woodland edge 7/14
Yellow Clintonia Clintonia borealis woodland 6/13
Yellow Rattle Rhinanthus cristsa-galli high beach terrace 7/13 rocky beach
Yarrow Achillia millefolium field 6/16