The
Gulf of Maine Expedition 2002 Flowering Plants of the Gulf of Maine We are keeping a record of wildflowers, shrubs, and vines in bloom, seed, or fruit as we travel along the coast. Observations are made at each location where we stop, have lunch, or camp. The first observation of the plant is recorded by date and place. Notes on habitat and frequency of occurrence are also made. We decided to record wildflowers, shrubs, and vines as they are abundant and quite varied in the coastal edge environment between the shore and the upland forest edge. Woodland species found within a short distance of the edge have been recorded and noted as such. Keeping records of only plants in bloom, seed, or fruit has been done for sake of positive identification and to leave a record of when these plants were found in that state in the year 2002. In general, plants tend to be either rarely found (e.g., Sea Milkwort, Glaux maritima), regular inhabitants of a particular habitat niche (e,g,, Beach Pea, Lathyrus japonicus), non-native, or invasive at the expense of other species (e.g., Morrow's Honeysuckle, Lonicera morrowi). Observations are limited by
our pattern of moving along the coast, our limited time at a given location,
and the chance of finding the plant in a blooming, seed-bearing, or fruiting
state. The list is useful as a demonstration of the type of observations
a student of botany might like to maintain. For a person established at
one location, such lists for the same place over a period of years could
be very informative in showing vegetative and climatic variation and change. |
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FLOWERING PLANTS OF THE GULF OF MAINE | ||||||||
Common name | Latin name | habitat | MA | NH | ME | NB | NS | notes |
Mountain Ash | Pyrus americana | woodland | 6/14 | found on clilff edges of many islands | ||||
Beach Pea | Lathyrus japonicus | beach edge | 5/25 | found at almost all stops | ||||
Beach Plum | Prunus maritima | back dunes | 5/15 | |||||
Bearberry | Arctostaphylosuva-ursi | upland edge | 5/6 | |||||
American Mountain Ash | Pyrus americana | woodland | 6/14 | found on clilff edges of many islands | ||||
Beggar Ticks | Bidens frondosa | high beach | 8/26 | |||||
Birdfoot Trefoil | Lotus corniculata | meadow | 8/18 | |||||
Bittersweet Nightshade | Solanum dulcamara | steep bank | 7/3 | |||||
Black-eyed Susan | Rudbeckia serotina | field | 8/15 | |||||
Bluebell | Capanula rotundiflora | high beach terrace | 7/10 | |||||
Bluets | Houstonia caerulea | island meadow | 7/10 | common | ||||
Blunt-leaved Sandwort | Arenaria lateriflora | beach edge | 5/31 | |||||
Bunchberry | Cornus canadensis | woodland edge | 7/22 | |||||
Bush Honeysuckle | Diervilla lonicera | woodland | 7/27 | |||||
Butter-and-eggs | Linaria vulgaris | roadside | 7/29 | |||||
Canada Mayflower | Maiantheum canadensis | woodland | 6/16 | |||||
Canada Thistle | Cirsium arvense | roadside | 7/29 | |||||
Caraway | Carum carvi | field | 6/14 | common | ||||
Chokeberry (Red or Purple) | Pyrus sp. | field | 6/14 | |||||
Chokecherry | Prunus virginiana | upland edge | 5/29 | |||||
Cleavers | Galium aparine | high beach terrace | 7/13 | rocky beach | ||||
Coltsfoot | Tussilago farfara | beach banks | 8/20 | flowers in Spring | ||||
Common Blue-eyed Grass | Sisyrinchium montanum | woodland edge | 6/19 | |||||
Common Blue-eyed Grass | Sisyrinchium montanum | woodland edge | 6/19 | |||||
Common Blue Violet | Viola papilionacea | woodland | 6/13 | |||||
Common Burdock | Arcticum minas | wooded area | 8/22 | |||||
Common Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | field | 5/16 | common | ||||
Common Evening Primrose | Oenothera biennis | roadside | 7/17 | |||||
Common Mullein | Verbascum thapsus | high beach terrace | 7/10 | rocky beach | ||||
Common Plantain | Plantago major | field | 5/16 | common | ||||
Common St. Johnswort | Hypericum preforatum | field | 7/21 | |||||
Corn Speedwell | Veronica arvensis | cliff edge | 6/16 | |||||
Cow Parsnip | Heracleum maximum | upland edge | 6/13 | frequently found | ||||
Creeping Wood Sorrel | Oxalis cornuta | beach edge | 5/27 | |||||
Curled Dock | Rumex crispus | beach bank | 8/18 | |||||
Dock | Rumex spp. | roadside | 8/12 | |||||
Dusty Miller | Artemisia stelleriana | dry beach top | 8/8 | aka Beach Wormwood | ||||
Dwarf Glasswort | Salcornia bigelovii | 7/16 | maybe flowering | |||||
Early Low Blueberry | Vaccinium angustifolia | meadow | 7/10 | in fruit; some ripe | ||||
English Plantain | Plantago lanceolata | marsh edge | 5/24 | |||||
Eyebright | Euphrasia americana | high beach terrace | 7/10 | rocky beach | ||||
Fall Dandelion | Leontodon autumnalis | meadow | 7/13 | |||||
Field Hawkweed | Hieracium pratense | field | 6/14 | |||||
Fireweed | Eplilobilum angustifolium | island meadow | 7/13 | |||||
Flat-topped Aster | Aster umbellatus | woodland opening | 8/22 | |||||
Goldenrod | Solidago spp. | roadside | 8/12 | 8/18 | ||||
Gray Goldenrod | Solidago nemoralis | meadow | 8/24 | |||||
Hairy Solomon's Seal | Polygonatum pubescens | woodland | 6/3 | |||||
Hedge Bindweed | Convolllvulus sepium | high beach terrace | 7/13 | rocky beach | ||||
Hedge Mustard | Sisymbrium officinale | field | 5/27 | |||||
Hemp Nettle | Galeopsis tetrahit | rocky shelf | 7/25 | |||||
Indian Mustard | Brassica juncea | high beach terrace | 7/13 | rocky beach | ||||
Iris | Iris spp. | woodland edge | 6/20 | smaller than I. Versicolor | ||||
Japanese Barberry | Berberis thunbergii | woodland | 6/3 | related to human settlement | ||||
Labrador Tea | Ledum groenlandicum | cliff edge | 7/26 | |||||
Lance-leaved Goldenrod | Solidago graminifolia | meadow | 8/25 | |||||
Larger Blue Flag | Iris versicolor | high beach terrace | 6/30 | |||||
Leafy Spurg | Euphorbia esula | back dunes | 5/25 | |||||
Lesser Stichwort | Stellaria graminea | field | 7/17 | |||||
Low Hop Clover | Trifolium procumbens | roadside | 8/12 | |||||
Marsh Scullcap | Scutellaria epilobiifolia | pond shelf edge | 7/26 | |||||
Meadowsweet | Spiraea latifolia | high beach terrace | 7/9 | |||||
Morrow's Honeysuckle | Lonicera morrowi | beach edge | 5/27 | non-native; invasive | ||||
Mountain Cranberry | Vaccinium vitis-idaea | cliff edge | 7/15 | in fruit | ||||
Mouse Ear | Hieracium pilosella | field | 6/14 | Narrow-leaved Vetch | ||||
Multiflora rose | Rosa multiflora | cliff edge | 6/16 | mixed with Rosa rugosa | ||||
Narrow-leaved Vetch | Vicia angustifolia | field | 7/16 | |||||
One-flowred Pyrola | Moneses uniflora | woodland | 6/27 | infrequent | ||||
Orach | Atriplex patula | 7/16 | ||||||
Orange Hawkweed | Hieracium aurantiacum | field | 6/26 | aka Devil's Paintbrush | ||||
Oxeye Daisy | Chrysanthemum leucanthemlum | field | 6/14 | |||||
Pasture Rose | Rosa carolina | field | 7/22 | |||||
Pearly Everlasting | Anaphalis margaritacea | cliff base | 8/4 | |||||
Pink corydalis | Corydalis sempervirens | roadside | 7/21 | |||||
Pink Lady Slipper | Cypripedium acaule | woodland | 6/11 | |||||
Poison Ivy | Rhus radicans | beach edge | 5/31 | common | ||||
Red clover | Trifolium pratense | roadside | 7/17 | |||||
Red-stemmed Plantain | Plantain rugelii | beach terrace | 6/30 | near high tide line; rocky shore | ||||
Rugosa Rose | Rosa rugosa | beach edge | 5/27 | common | ||||
Sea Lungwort | Mertensia maritima | high beach terrace | 7/12 | aka Oysterleaf; rocky shores | ||||
Sea Milkwort | Glaux maritima | rocky edge | 6/4 | infrequent | ||||
Sea Rocket | Cakile edentula | beach edge | 7/9 | common | ||||
Seaside Angelica | Coelopleurum lucidum | beach edge | 6/1 | frequently found | ||||
Seaside Goldenrod | Solidago sempervirens | field | 8/13 | |||||
Seaside Plantain | Plantago juncoides | beach edge | 5/31 | |||||
Selfheal | Prunella vulgaria | meadow | 7/14 | |||||
Sheep sorrel | Rumex acetosella | field | 6/14 | common | ||||
Shepard's Purse | Capsella bursa-pastoris | field | 6/16 | |||||
Shinleaf | Pyrola elliptica | woodland | 7/21 | |||||
Silverweed | Potentilla anserina | marsh edge | 5/31 | |||||
Slender Glasswort | Salcornia europaea | high beach | 7/29 | maybe flowering | ||||
Small Cranberry | Vaccinium oxycoccos | woodland edge | 7/26 | |||||
Small White Aster | Aster vimineus | woodland opening | 8/22 | |||||
Smooth Rose | Rosa blanda | field | 7/25 | |||||
Spotted Touch-me-not | Impatiens capensis | cliff base | 8/4 | |||||
Starflower | Trientalis borealis | woodland | 6/3 | |||||
Storksbill | Erodium cicutarium | cliff edge | 6/16 | |||||
Tall Buttercup | Ranunculus acris | field | 6/26 | common | ||||
Tall Goldenrod | Solidago altissima | field | 8/15 | |||||
Tall Meadow Rue | Thalictrum polygamum | field | 7/29 | |||||
Tall Rattlesnake Root | Prenanthes trifoliata | field | 7/26 | |||||
Tyrol Knapweed | Centaurea vochinensis | field | 8/15 | |||||
Wild Carrot | Daucus carota | field | 8/15 | aka Queen Anne's Lace | ||||
Wild Columbine | Aquilegia canadensis | field | 6/2 | |||||
Wild Indigo | Baptisia tintoria | roadside | 8/22 | |||||
Wild Madder | Galium mollugo | field | 7/17 | |||||
Wild Radish | Raphanus raphanistrum | high beach | 8/28 | |||||
Wild Red Raspberry | Rubus idaeus | field | 6/14 | common | ||||
White Clover | Trifolium repens | field | 5/23 | common | ||||
Wood Strawberry | Fragonia vesca | woodland edge | 7/14 | |||||
Yellow Clintonia | Clintonia borealis | woodland | 6/13 | |||||
Yellow Rattle | Rhinanthus cristsa-galli | high beach terrace | 7/13 | rocky beach | ||||
Yarrow | Achillia millefolium | field | 6/16 | |||||